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Thus, feature binding appears to be a relatively efficient process.Īllen et al. In line with previous findings from this paradigm ( Wheeler and Treisman, 2002), recognition performance was found to be as accurate in the feature combination as the single feature conditions. Across conditions, recognition memory was tested either for shape by presenting a display of different unfilled shapes, for color with a display of squares of different colors, or for both color and shape by presenting objects composed of unique shape/color combinations.
#Skethcpad 5.1 new series#
In a series of experiments, recognition memory for visually presented objects was tested by presenting an array of objects followed by a probe the participants’ task was to judge whether the probe was present in the original display or not.
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One line of investigation has looked into whether the episodic buffer plays a role in the binding of different visual features of objects into chunks by comparing memory for arrays of colors or shapes with memory for bound combinations of these features ( Allen et al., 2006). The characteristics of the episodic buffer have been explored in a subsequent experimental programme by Baddeley and collaborators. Baddeley (2000) proposed that the episodic buffer may provide the appropriate medium for linking the phonological loop representations with those from long-term memory, and that the central executive may control the allocation of information from different sources into the buffer. As PV’s long-term memory was entirely normal, the reduction in her sentence span must arise from the point of interaction between verbal short-term memory (or the phonological loop). Patient PV, for example, had a sentence span of five and a word span of one ( Vallar and Baddeley, 1984). Importantly, patients with acquired impairments of verbal short-term memory show reduced memory span for sentences as well as for word lists, but still show the relative advantage of meaningful over the meaningless material. This indicates that representations in the phonological loop are integrated at some point with conceptual representations arising from the language processing system. It has long been known that meaningful sentences are much better remembered than jumbled sequences of words, with memory spans as high as 16 words compared with the six or seven limit for unrelated words (Baddeley et al., 1987). Other evidence also points to a close interface between the subcomponents of working memory and other parts of the cognitive system. At some point, the representations must therefore converge and be chunked together and experienced consciously as a single object or event Baddeley’s suggestion was that the episodic buffer may fulfill this function. One justification for the episodic buffer is that it solves the binding problem, which refers to the fact that although the separate elements of multimodal experiences such as seeing an object moving and hearing a sound are experienced via separate channels leading to representations in modality-specific codes, our perception is of the event as a coherent unitary whole. In this article, Baddeley argued the need for a separate buffer capable of representing and integrating inputs from all subcomponents of working memory and from long-term memory systems in a multidimensional code. The episodic buffer is the most recent addition to the working memory model, and was first outlined in a seminal paper by Baddeley in 2000 ( Baddeley, 2000). Gathercole, in Learning and Memory: A Comprehensive Reference, 2008 2.04.2.4 The Episodic Buffer